Classical Syriac: A Basic Grammar With A Chrestomathy, 2nd Rev. Ed.

Takamitsu Muraoka Classical Syriac PORTA L I N G U A R U M ORIENTALIUM Neue Serie Herausgegeben von Werner Diem und Lutz Edzard Band 19 2005 Harrassowitz Verlag • Wiesbaden Takamitsu Muraoka CLASSICAL SYRIAC A Basic Grammar with a Chrestomathy With a select BibUography Compiled by S. P. Brock Second, Revised Edition 2005 Harrassowitz Verlag • Wiesbaden Cover Illustration: Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfcnbuttcl Cod Guelf. 3.1.300 Aug. 2° 215 r. Bibliographische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek: Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet ttber http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche BibUothek: Die Deutsche BibUothek lists this publication in the Deutsche NationalbibUografie; detailed bibUographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.ddb.de. e-mail: [email protected] For further information about our publishing program have a look at our website http://www.harrassowitz.cie/verlag © Otto Harrassowitz KG, Wiesbaden 2005 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. Printing and binding; Hubert & Co., Gottingen Printed in Germany ISSN 0554-7342 ISBN 3-447-05021-7 In memory of my dear teacher and a true gentleman Chaim Rabin *7"T (1915-96) Professor of Hebrew The Hebrew University, Jerusalem CONTENTS PREFACE XV Literature cited in the grammar and chrestomathy sections XIX Abbreviations XXm Abbreviated titles of the Syriac documents cited in the Morphosyntax and Syntax section of the grammar XXV Some practical suggestions XXVQ PART ONE: WRITING AND PHONOLOGY § 1. General § 2. Alphabet § 3. Pronunciation. Consonants § 4. Vowels and their notation a) diacritical dot b) vowel letters c) vowel signs § 5. Other graphic signs a) qulgaya vs. rukkakha b) seyame c) linea occultans (marhetana) and mehaggeyana d) cantillation marks e) punctuation marks § 6. Some remarks on phonology A) vowel deletion rule B) e changing to a C) word-initial Alaf D) word-initial Yodh E) diphthongs F) syllable structure G) doubling of consonants H) spirantisation of six plosive consonants I) monoconsonantal proclitic particles 1 1 2 4 5 5 6 6 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 1 1 1 1 1 12 12 Vm Contents J) aphaeresis of some gutturals K) elision of N in sequence < c^c=""> L) elision of/*/in sequence < v^c=""> M) assimilation of consonants N) assimilation and metathesis O) word stress PART TWO: MORPHOLOGY § 7. Root § 8. Gemination of the identical second and third radicals Pronouns § 9. Independent personal pronouns § 10. Enclitic forms §11. Suffixed personal pronouns § 12. Personal pronouns attached to verbs § 12a. Reflexive pronouns § 12b. Reciprocal pronouns § 13 Demonstrative pronouns § 14. Interrogatives § 15. Relative pronoun §16. Independent possessive pronouns § 17. Declension of nouns and adjectives §18. State § 19. Two variant stem forms §20. Extra y before the feminine ending § 21 Plural masculine emphatic state ending -ayya § 22. Absolute and constructus forms of words with plural masculine emphatic state ending -ayya § 23. Plural masculine emphatic state ending a rule and the verb conjugation Second-Alaf verbs 30 30 30 30 31 31 32 32 33 34 35 37 37 38 39 39 39 40 40 40 41 42 42 43 43 43 45 46 46 47 47 § 45. §46. §47. § 48. §49. §50. §51. §52. §53