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Advances in Insect Physiology
Volume 14
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Advances in Insect Physiology edited by
J . E. TREHERNE M. J. BERRIDGE and V. B. WIGGLESWORTH Department of Zoology. The University
Cambridge. England
Volume 14
1979
A C A D E M I C PRESS LONDON NEW Y O R K SAN FRANCISCO A Subsidiary of Harcourc Brace Jovanovich. Publishers
ACADEMIC PRESS I N C . (LONDON) LTD 24/28 Oval Road London N W l 2 D X United States Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 1 I 1 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003
Copyright 0 1979 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD
AN Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Advances in insect physiology Vol. 14 1. Insects - Physiology 1. Treherne, John Edwin 11. Berridge, Michael John 111. Wigglesworth, Sir Vincent QL495 63-14039 595.7’01 ISBN &12-024214-1
P R I N T E D IN GREAT BRITAIN B Y B U T L E R & T A N N E R L T D , FROME A N D L O N D O N
Contributors Franz Engelmann
Department of Biology, 405 Hilgard Avenue, University of Caliyomia, Los Angeles, California 90024, California, USA Arthur M. Jungreis
Department of Zoology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA John Machin
Department of Zoology, 25 Hardbord Street, University of Toronto, Toronto MSSIAI, Ontario, Canada K. Djie Njio
Pharmacological Laboratory, Polderweg 104, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 6, The Netherlands John Palka
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 9819.5, USA Tom Piek
Pharmacological Laboratory, Polderweg 104, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 6, The Netherlands Brian W. Staddon
Zoology Department, University College Cardifl, PO Box 78, Cardiff CFI IXL, Wales, UK
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Contents Contributors Atmospheric Water Absorption in Arthropods JOHN MACHIN Insect Vitellogenin : Identification, Biosynthesis and Role in Vitellogenesis FRANZ E N G E L M A N N
49
Physiology of Moulting in Insects ARTHUR M . JUNGREIS
109
Morphology and Electrochemistry of Insect Muscle Fibre Membrane T O M PlEK and K. DJlE NJlO
185
Theories of Pattern Formation in Insect Neural Development J O H N PALKA
25 1
The Scent Glands of Heteroptera BRIAN W. STADDON
351
Subject Index
419
Cumulative List of Authors
438
Cumulative List of Chapter Titles
439
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Atmospheric Water Absorption in Arthropods John Machin Depanrnent of Zoology, University of Toronto. Canada
1 Introduction 1 2 The site of atmospheric absorption 2 2.1 The external cuticle models 2 2.2 Evidence in favour of localized absorption sites 10 3 The kinetics of atmospheric absorption 11 3.1 Uptake by larger insects 11 3.2 Uptake by smaller insects and Acarines 15 3.3 Absorption thresholds and temperature 20 3.4 The allometry of water exchange 25 4 Mechanisms of atmospheric absorption 26 4.1 Tenebrio 26 4.2 Arenivaga 30 4.3 Therrnobia 33 4.4 Acarines 34 5 The basic elements of water absorption - speculations 35 5.1 Hygroscopic fluid production 36 5.2 Water vapour condensation 37 5.3 Incorporation into the haemolymph 41 6 Summary 41 Acknowledgements 43 References 43 Notes added in proof 48
1
Introduction
“There are temptations, on aesthetic grounds, to give too much weight to broad unifying principles which deserve to be used only as clues for suggesting further enquiry . . .” Professor Sir Andrew Huxley, Presidential Address British Association for the Ad