Membrane Properties: Mechanical Aspects, Receptors, Energetics And Calcium-dependence Of Transport

Current Topics in Membranes and Transport Volume 10 Advisory Board 1. S . Edelman Alvin Essig Franklin M . Harold James D. Jamieson Anthony Martonosi Shmuel Razin Martin Rodbell Aser Rothstein Stanley G. Schultz Contributors Ernest0 Carafoli Ta-Min Chang Martin Crompton A. A. Eddy E . A. Evans Hugo G . Ferreira R. M . Hochmuth Virgilio L. Lew David M . Neville,]r. Current Topics in Membranes and Transport VOLUME 10 Membrane Properties: Mechanical Aspects, Receptors, Energetics and Calcium-Dependence of Transport Edited by Felix Bronner Department of Oral Biology Unioersity of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, Connecticut and Arnort Kleinzeller Depurtment of Physiology Unioersity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1978 Academic Press New York Son Francisco London A Subsidiury of Harcourt Brace Jooanouich, Publishers COPYRIGHT @ 1978, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING P n o r o c o P Y , RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING F R O M THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 IDX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 70-1 ISBN 0-12-153310-7 PRIN'IED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 17091 List of Contributors, vii Preface, ix Mechanochemical Properties of Membranes E. A. EVANS AND R. M. HOCHMUTH I. 11. 111. IV. V. Introduction, 1 Intrinsic Membrane Forces and Moments, 4 Membrane Elasticity and Free Energy Storage, 6 Membrane Viscosity and Fluidity, 41 Summary,58 Symbols, 59 References, 61 Receptor-Mediated Protein Transport into Cells. Entry Mechanisms for Toxins, Hormones, Antibodies, Viruses, Lysoromal Hydrolases, Asialoglycoproteinc, and Carrier Proteins DAVID M. NEVILLE, JR. AND TA-MIN CHANG I. 11. 111. IV. V. VI . VII. VIII. IX. X. Introduction, 66 Toxins, 68 Carrier Proteins, 101 Asialoglycoproteins, 11 1 Fibroblast Lysosomal Hydrolases, 115 Antibodies, 116 Viruses, 120 Growth Factors and Hormones, 122 Summary, 131 Pharmacological Implications of Receptor-Mediated Protein Transport, 137 References, 139 The Regulation of lntracellular Calcium ERNEST0 CARAFOLI AND MARTIN CROMPTON I. Introduction, 151 11. The Chemical Basis o f t h e Biological “Fitness” of C P , 153 111. The Influence of Ca2+on the Molecular Architechire and Functional Properties of Biological Membranes, 157 IV. Intracellular Concentrations of Caz+,160 V. General Considerations on the Regulation of Intracellular C 3 + , 164 VI. The Transport of Ca2+across Plasma Membranes, 166 V vi CONTENTS VII. VIII. IX. X. The Transport of Ca2+by Sarcoplasmic and Endoplasniic Reticnlmn, 173 The Transport of Ca2+by Mitochondria, 183 The Transcellular Transport of Ca2+,193 Conclusions, 195 References. 197 Calcium Transport and the Properties of a Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel in Red Cell Membranes VIRGIL10 L. LEW AND HUGO G. FERREIRA I. Introduction, 218 11. The Ca-Sensitive K Channel in Red Cells, 224 111. Ca Transport, 234 IV. V. VI. VII. The Gating Mechanism, 247 Pharmacological Effects, 256 The Movement of K and the Nature of the Permeability Mechanism, 265 Conclusions, 270 References, 271 Proton-Dependent Solute Transport in Microorganisms A. A. EDDY I. Introduction, 280 11. Principles of Gradient Coupling, 282 111. Cation Transport, 290 IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Carbohydrate Transport, 304 Amino Acid Absorption in F