Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY Edited by A. H. ROSE School of Biological Sciences Bath University England and J. F. WILKINSON Department of General Microbiology University of Edinburgh Scotland VOLUME 6 1971 ACADEMIC PRESS - LONDON and NEW YORK ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. BERKELEY SQUARE HOUSE BERKELEY SQUARE LONDON, W l X 6BA U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTR AVENUE NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10003 Copyright 0 1971 By ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON)LTD. All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproducedin any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 67-19860 SBN: 12-027706-0 PRINTED IN QREAT BRITAIN B Y WILLIAM CLOWES A N D SONS LIMITED LONDON, COLCHESTER A N D BECCLEB Contributors to Volume 6 B. L. A. CARTER,Laboratoryof Molecular Biologyand Department of Bacteriology, University of Wiscon&n, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A. S. DAQLEY, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101, U.S.A. H. 0. HALVORSON, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Departmenl Bacteriology, Univeraity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, U . S . A. of ARTHUR Id. KOCH, Department of Microbiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, U . S . A . HENRYKOFFLER,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, hfayette, Indiana, U . S . A . R . W. SMITH, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, hfayette, Indiana, U.S.A. P. TAURO,Department of Microbiology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India. R. S . WOLFE,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbaruz, Illinois, 61801, U . S . A . This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors t o Volume 6 Catabolism of Aromatic S. DAGLEY I. Introduction . . . v Compounds by Micro-Organisms. . A. Inert Compounds in the Economy of Nature B. Aromatic Compounds Made by Man . C. Studies of Enzyme Regulation . 11. The Metabolism of Benzenoid Compounds by Rhodopseudomoms plustris . 111. Enzymic Degradations of Di- and Trihydroxyphenols A. Ortho-Fission Pathways of Catechol and Protocatechuate . B. Metu-Fission Pathways of Catechols . . C. Bacterial Metabolism of Gentisates . D. Degradation of Trihydric Phenols IV. Reactions Converting Aromatic Compounds into Ring-Fission Substrates. A. Hydroxylations . B. Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Catechols C. Modification of Substituent Groups Before Ring Cleavage V. Regulation of Catabolic Sequences A. Physiological Functions and Distribution of the Various Pathways B. Regulation of Ortho-Fission Pathways : Catechol and Protocatechuate . C. Some Methods Used to Investigate Regulation . D. Regulation of the Metu-Fission Pathway for Catechol . E. Evolutionary Significance of Regulatory Mechanisms . VI. Acknowledgements References . 1 2 3 4 . 5 7 7 10 14 17 . 20 20 25 27 32 . . . . Synthesis of Enzymes During the Cell Cycle. B. L. A. CARTER and P. TAURO I. Introduction . 11. Methods for Establishing Synchronous Cultures A. PhasingMethods . B. Selection Methods 32 35 39 41 41 42 42 H. 0. HALVORSON, . . . . . 47 49 50 51 viii CONTENTS . 111. Synthesis of Protein and RNA During the Cell Cycle A. Protein Synthesis B. RNASynthesis . . IV. Enzyme Synthesis During the Cell Cycle A. Introduction . B. Synthesis of Enzymes in Prokaryotic Organisms Growing in a Constant Environment . C. Synthesis of Enzymes in E