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Notwithstanding widespread studies and even several biological journals devoted to temperature, it is difficult to perceive a field of thermobiology as such. Interest in the effects of temperature of biological systems is fragmented into specific thermal ranges and often connected with particular applications: subzero cryobiology and preservation of cells and tissues or survival of poikilotherms, para-zero cryobiology and preservation of whole organs and survival of whole animals, intermediate ranges and physiological adaption and regulation, high temperatures and use of heat for killing cancer cells, very high temperatures and limits of biological structure. Yet it has not always been so, and there are good reasons why it need not remain so. General and comparative physiologists such as W.J. Crozier, H. Precht, J. Belehradek, F. Johnson, C.L. Prosser, and others have sought throughout this century to lay foundations for unified approaches to temperature in biological systems. Recent findings also serve to suggest principles and processes that span the range of temperatures of biological interest. Microviscosity of membranes is an issue originally of interest to low temperature biologists but with relevance to limiting high temperatures; conversely for protein structure. Certain "heat shock proteins" now appear to be responses to generalized stress, including low temperature. Inevitably, the chapters of this book reflect the "zonal" character of thermobiology: two chapters (by Storey and Raymond) deal with protection against subfreezing temperatures; three (Hazel, membrane structure, Dietrich, microtubular structure, and Kruuv, cell growth) deal with the effects of and modulation to cool-to-moderate superfreezing temperatures, one (Willis) with modulation (of membrane ion transport) to moderate-to-high temperatures and two (Li, heat shock proteins and Lepock, proteins in general) with stressfully high temperatures. Explicit in each of these chapters, however, are principles and issues that transcend the parochialism of the temperature range under consideration.
E-Book Content
ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY Volume 79
1997
THERMOBIOLOGY
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ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY TH ERMOB I OLOCY Series Editor:
E. EDWARD BITTAR Department of Physiology University of Wisconsin
Guest Editor: JOHN S. WlLLlS Department of Cellular Biology University of Georgia
VOLUME 19
1997
@ JAI PRESS INC. Greenwich, Connecticut
London, England
Copyright 0 1997 JAI PRESS INC. 55 Old Post Road No. 2
Greenwich, Connecticut 06836 JAI PRESS LTD. 38 Tavistock Street Covent Garden London WC2E 7PB England All rights resewed. No part of this publication nury be reproduced, stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording.filming or otherwise without prior permission in writingfrom the publisher. ISBN: 0-7623-0142-2 Manufocbred in the United States of America
CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
vi i
PREFACE john S. Willis
ix
ADAPTATIONS FOR FREEZING SURVIVAL IN ECTOTHERMIC VE RTEB RATES Kenneth B. Storey and janet M. Storey
1
RESPONSES OF MARINE FISHES TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES: A NEW LOOK AT COLLIGATIVE MECHANISMS lames A. Raymond
33
THERMAL ADAPTATION IN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES: BEYOND HOMEOVISCOUS ADAPTATION 1. R. Hazel
57
COLD ADAPTATION OF MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY IN ANTARCTIC FISHES H. William Detrich, 111 103 SURVIVAL OF MAMMALIAN CELLS EXPOSED TO PURE HYPOTHERMIA IN CULTURE lack Kruuv
143
ON THERMAL STABILITY OF CATION GRADIENTS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS john S. Willis 193
V
vi
CONTENTS
PROTEIN DENATURATION