Advances in Applied Mechanics Volume 38 Editorial Board Y. C. FUNG DEPARTMENT OF BIOENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA PAUL GERMAIN ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES PARIS, FRANCE C.-S. YIH (Editor, 1971-1982) JOHN H. HUTCHINSON (Editor, 1983-1997) Contributors to Volume 38 PAOLO MARIA MARIANO CHANG-LIN TIEN PIN TONG JIAN-GANG WENG THEODORE YAOTSU WU TONG-YI ZHANG MINGHAO ZHAO A D V A NC E S IN APPLIED MECHANICS Edited by Erik van der Giessen Theodore Y. Wu DELFT UNIVERSITY OF T E C H N O L O G Y DELFT, THE N E T H E R L A N D S DIVISION OF E N G I N E E R I N G AND APPLIED SCIENCE CALIFORNIA I N S T I T U T E OF T E C H N O L O G Y PASADENA, CALIFORNIA VOLUME 38 ACADEMIC PRESS A Division of Harcourt, Inc. San Diego London Boston New York Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 9 2002 by ACADEMIC PRESS All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher's consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2002 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. 0065-2165/02 $35.00 Explicit permission from Academic Press is not required to reproduce a maximum of two figures or tables from an Academic Press chapter in another scientific or research publication provided that the material has not been credited to another source and that full credit to the Academic Press chapter is given. Academic Press A Division of Harcourt, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com International Standard Serial Number: 0065-2165 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-002038-6 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 01 02 03 04 SB 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE vii ix Multifield Theories in Mechanics of Solids Paolo Maria Mariano I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. Introduction Configurations and Balance of Interactions Elastic Materials with Substructure Balance in Presence of Discontinuity Surfaces Constitutive Restrictions Evolution of Defects and Interfaces in Materials with Substructure Crack Propagation in Materials with Substructure Latent Substructures Examples of Specific Cases Acknowledgments References 2 9 26 33 38 42 53 68 73 88 88 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nanoscale Interfacial Phenomena in Fluids Chang-Lin Tien and Jian-Gang Weng I. II. III. IV. V. VI. V