Advisory Board Martin Alexander Eugene J. Kamprath Cornell University North Carolina State University Kenneth J. Frey Larry P. Wilding Iowa State University Texas A& M University Prepared in cooperation with the American Society of Agronomy Monographs Committee M. A. Tabatabai, Chairman S. H. Anderson D. M. Kral P. S. Baenziger S. E. Lingle W. T. Frankenberger, Jr. R. J. Luxmoore G. A. Peterson S. R. Yates S I N T 52 Edited by Donald L. Sparks Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark, Delaware ACADEMIC PRESS A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1994 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 525 B Street, Suite 1900. San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 2&28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX International Standard Serial Number: 0065-2 I I3 International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-000752-5 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 1 9 8 9 9 QW 9 8 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents CONTRIBUTORS ........................................................ PREFACE .............................................................. vii ix POULTRY WASTEMANAGEMENT: AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES J . T. Sims and D . C. Wolf I . Poultry Waste Management: Contemporary Issues ................ 11. Poultry Wastes: Production and Characteristics ................... I11. Nitrogen Management for Poultry Wastes ........................ n! Phosphorous Management for Poultry Wastes .................... 2 13 23 35 V. Trace Elements. Antibiotics. Pesticides. and Microorganisms in Poultry Wastes .................................................. VI. Poultry Waste Management Programs ............................ V I I. Conclusions ..................................................... References ...................................................... 51 59 71 72 RAINWATERUTILIZATION EFFICIENCY IN RA~U-FED LOWLAND RICE Pradeep Kumar Sharma and Surjit K. De Datta I. Introduction .................................................... I1. Constraints ..................................................... I11. Potentials ....................................................... w. Efficient Utilization of Rainwater ................................