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This handbook provides an extensive reference source on the materials used in tribological applications. Materials used in tribological applications are, for the most part, common materials used for general engineering applications. Many conventional engineering materials have been adapted to tribological uses and examples of these are given throughout the text. Literature that so far has been scattered and difficult to retrieve is now presented for the first time in this comprehensive treatise. The author has used his expertise in selecting materials for a wide variety of friction and wear applications to develop this data base on materials for tribology. In addition information has been selected from the literature on the behaviour of these materials in bearings, seals, gears, brakes, clutches, wire rope, valves, cams and wear surfaces and is included in the descriptive text. The materials have been grouped in families, relating to their composition. A short table is provided at the beginning of each chapter, listing the ranges of selected properties for the materials under discussion.
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MATERIALS FOR TRIBOLOGY
TRIBOLOGY SERIES Advisory Board W.J. Bartz (Germany, F.R.G.) R. Bassani (Italy) B. Briscoe (Gt. Britain) H. Czichos (Germany, F.R.G.) D. Dowson (Gt. Britain) K. Friedrich (Germany, F.R.G.) N. Gane (Australia)
Vol. 1 Vol. Vol. Vol. VOl. Vol. VOl. Vol.
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
VOl. 9 VOl. 10 Vol. 11 VOl. 12 Vol. 13 Vol. 14 Vol. 15 Vol. 16 Vol. 17 Vol. 18 VOl. 19 VOl. 20
W.A. Glaeser (U.S.A.) M. Godet (France) H.E. Hintermann (Switzerland) K.C. Ludema (U.S.A.) T. Sakurai (Japan) W.O. Winer (U.S.A.)
Tribology - A Systems Approach to the Science and Technology of Friction, Lubrication and Wear (Czichos) Impact Wear of Materials (Engel) Tribology of Natural and Artificial Joints (Dumbleton) Tribology of Thin Layers (Iliuc) Surface Effects in Adhesion, Friction, Wear, and Lubrication (Buckley) Friction and Wear of Polymers (Bartenev and Lavrentev) Microscopic Aspects of Adhesion and Lubrication (Georges, Editor) Industrial Tribology - The Practical Aspects of Friction, Lubrication and Wear (Jones and Scott, Editors) Mechanics and Chemistry in Lubrication (Dorinson and Ludema) Microstructure and Wear of Materials (Zum Gahr) Fluid Film Lubrication - Osborne Reynolds Centenary (Dowson et al., Editors) Interface Dynamics (Dowson et al., Editors) Tribology of Miniature Systems (Rymuza) Tribological Design of Machine Elements (Dowson et al., Editors) Encyclopedia of Tribology (Kajdas et al.) Tribology of Plastic Materials (Yamaguchi) Mechanics of Coatings (Dowson et al., Editors) Vehicle Tribology (Dowson et al., Editors) Rheology and Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (Jacobson) Materials for Tribology (Glaeser)
TRIBOLOGY SERIES, 20
MATERIALS FOR TRIBOLOGY William A. Glaeser Engineering Mechanics Division, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio, USA
ELSEVIER Amsterdam London New York Tokyo
1992
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O. Box 21 1, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L i b r a r y o f Congress C a t a l o g i n g - i n - P u b l i c a t i o n Data Giaeser. W i l l i a m A. M a t e r i a l s for t r i b o l o g y / W i l l i a m A. Glaeser. p. cm. -- I T r i b o l o g y s e r l e s ; 20)
Includes b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l references and i n d e x . ISBN 0-444-88495-5 (U.S.) 1. T r l b o l o g y . I . T i t l e . 11. Series. TJ1075.G53 1992 621.8'9--dc20
9 1-4835 1
CIP ISBN 0 444 88495 5
0 1992 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the p