Nuclear Physics (methods Of Experimental Physics)

Methods of Expe rim en taI Physics VOLUME 5 NUCLEAR PHYSICS PART A METHODS OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS: L. Marton, Editor-in-Chief Claire Marton, Assistant Editor 1. Classical Methods, 1959 Edited by lmmanuel Estermann 2. Electronic Methods Edited by E. Bleuler and R. 0. Haxby 3. Molecular Physics Edited by Dudley Williams 4. Atomic and Electron Physics Edited by Vernon W. Hughes and Howard L. Schultz 5. Nuclear Physics (in two parts), 1961 Edited by Luke C. L. Yuan and Chien-Shiung Wu 6. Solid State Physics (in two parts), 1959 Edited by K. Lark-Horovitz and Vivian A. Johnson Volume 5 Nuclear Physics Edited by LUKE C. L. YUAN Brookhaven National laborafory Upton, New York CHIEN-SHIUNG WU Columbia University New York, New York PART A 1961 ACADEMIC PRESS @ New York and London Copyright @ 1961, by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. ALL RIQHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTATl MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTH AVENUE NEWYORK3, N. Y. United Kingdm Edition Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON)LTD. 17 OLD QUEEN STREET, LONDONS.W. 1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 61-17860 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5, PART A D. E. ALBURGER, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N e w York M. BLAU,Institut fur Radiumforschung, Vienna, Austria J. E. BROLLEY, JR.,Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico B. CORK,Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California J. W. M. DUMOND,Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California R. D. EVANS,Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts H. FRAUENFELDER, Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois W. B. FRETTER, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California S. S . FRIEDLAND, Solid Xtate Radiations, fnc., Culver City, California T. R. GERHOLM, Institute of Physics, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden W. W. HAVENS,Pupin Physics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, New York R. HOFSTADTER, Physics Department, Stanford University, Standford, California D. J. HUGHES, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N e w York* S. J. LINDENBAUM, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York G. C. MORRISON, Atomic Energy Establishment, Harwell, Berkshire, England G. D. O'KELLEY,Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee F. REINES,Department of Physics, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio G. T. REYNOLDS, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey A. SILVERMAN, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca * Deceased. V vi CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 5, PART A R. M. STERNHEIMER, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York R. W. WILLIAMS,Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington L. C. L. YUAN,Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York F. P. ZIEMBA, Solid State Radiations, Inc., Culver City, California FOREWORD TO VOLUME 5A After a longer delay than originally expected, I a m able to present here the next volume in the series of Methods of Experimental Physics: the first part of the “Nuclear Physics” Methods. Much thought .and work went into this volume and I am in the best position to appreciate all the effort of my fellow editors who devoted so much time in preparing this particular volume. The aims of the publication did not change. The reception of the earlier volumes had proven th a t it was really useful to concentrate on “a concise, well illustrated presentation of the most important methods, or ge