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PROGRAMMING AND SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES Thomas E Uher PROGRAMMING AND SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES UNSW PRESS A UNSW Press book Published by University of New South Wales Press Ltd University of New South Wales UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA www.unswpress.com.au © Thomas Uher 2003 First published 2003 This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries should be addressed to the publisher. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Uher, Thomas E. (Thomas Edward). Programming and scheduling techniques. Bibliography. ISBN 0 86840 725 9. 1. Building — Superintendence. 2. Production scheduling. 3. Network analysis (Planning). 4. Project management. 5. Construction industry — Management. 6. Construction industry — Planning. I. Title. (Series: Construction management series (Sydney, NSW)). 692.5068 Printer BPA Cover design and photography Di Quick CONTENTS Preface Abbreviations ix x CHAPTER 1 THE CONCEPT OF PLANNING Introduction Planning process Types of planning activities Planning tools and techniques Planning of construction projects Planning tasks at different stages of the project lifecycle Examples of construction plans and schedules Summary 1 1 2 7 8 9 16 22 25 CHAPTER 2 BAR CHARTS Introduction What is a bar chart? Linked bar chart Process of developing a bar chart Activity duration Risk contingency Method statement Summary 26 26 26 28 29 30 33 34 37 CHAPTER 3 THE CRITICAL PATH METHOD Introduction A brief history of the critical path method Arrow method Precedence method Concept of link lag Summary Exercises 38 38 39 40 54 63 67 68 CHAPTER 4 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Introduction Resources Distribution of resources Resource levelling 72 72 74 74 77 Resource levelling performed by computers Managing the labour resource Managing materials Managing plant and equipment Summary Exercises 86 87 90 92 96 97 CHAPTER 5 OVERLAPPING NETWORK MODELS Introduction Finish-to-start link (FTS) Start-to-start link (STS) Finish-to-finish link (FTF) Start-to-finish link (STF) A compound link Free and total float in overlapped networks Calculating an overlapped critical path schedule Overlapping of critical path schedules by computer Redundant links in precedence schedules Summary Exercises 101 101 102 103 105 107 108 110 111 117 118 118 119 CHAPTER 6 PROJECT CONTROL Introduction Project performance outcomes Project control system Monitoring performance Evaluating performance Adjustments/updates Example of monitoring, evaluation and adjusting or updating of a critical path schedule Cost–time optimisation Earned value Summary Exercises 122 122 122 123 124 127 129 129 CHAPTER 7 CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING BY COMPUTER Introduction Brief overview of Primavera Project Planner P3 software Scheduling a residential project using Primavera P3 Overlapping models in Primavera P3 Summary 157 157 158 161 178 180 132 146 152 152 CHAPTER 8 CRITICAL CHAIN SCHEDULING Introduction Shortcomings of the critical path method Theory of constraints Critical chain scheduling Summary 181 181 181 184 185 187 CHAPTER 9 MULTIPLE ACTIVITY CHARTS Introduction Format of a multiple activity chart Preparation of a multiple activity chart Example of MAC scheduling Summary Exercises 188 188 189 190 192 200 200 CHAPTER 10 THE LINE OF BALANCE TECHNIQUE Introduction Concept of line of balance Concept of delivery program in LOB Developing a LOB schedule Developing a LOB schedule for projects requiring multiple crews Summary Exercises 206 206 207 209 212 216 222 222 C