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This series, covering a range of topics from particle optics to modern electronics, deals, in this volume, with recent advances and developments in electromagnetism, speech coding and bandgap narrowing and its effects on the properties of moderately and heavily doped germanium and silicon.

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ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 82 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF PETER W. HAWKES Centre National de la Recherche ScientiJique Toulouse, France ASSOCIATE EDITOR BENJAMIN KAZAN Xerox Corporation Palo Alto Research Center Palo Alto, California Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY PETER W. HAWKES C E M ESILaboratoire d 'Optique Electronique du Centre National de la Recherche Scienrijque Toulouse, France VOLUME 82 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers Boston San Diego New York London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ COPYRIGHT 0 1991 BY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED. ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. N O PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE A N 0 RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. I250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego. CA 92101 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS LIMITED 24-28 Oval Road. London NWI 7DX LIBRARYOF CONGRESS CATALOG CARDNUMBER: 49-7504 ISSN 0065-2539 ISBN 0-12-014682-7 PRINTED IN THE UNIl'ED STATES OF AMERICA 91 92 93 94 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS . .. CONTRIBUTORS . . , PREFACE. . . . . . . . .... vii ix 1 CAD in Electromagnetism OSZKAR BIROAND K. R. RICHTER ............ ................. ............................. 111. Eddy Current Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . IV. Waveguides and Cavities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Galerkin’s Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . VI. Application of the Finite Element Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. Introduction. . 1 .. 4 11. Static Fields Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Signal Processing in Speech Coding Speech Coding Systems. . . . . . . . Future Research Directions . . . . . Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ ......... , . . . . . . . . ......... ......... ......... . 95 97 Speech Coding VLADIMIR CUPERMAN I. 11. 111. IV. 20 38 43 63 95 ... . , . .,. ... ... ... ..... ...,. ..... ..... ..... ..... 97 110 147 188 189 189 Bandgap Narrowing and Its Effects on the Properties of 197 Moderately and Heavily Doped Germanium and Silicon SURESH C. JAIN,R. P. MERTENS, A N D K. J. VANOVERSTRAETEN I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Calculations of BGN in n-Type Silicon and n-Type Germanium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Impurity Concentration Fluctuations and Band Tails . IV. EfTect of Bandgap Narrowing on Optical Properties. . . 197 ...... ..,... ....., 203 232 244 .... , vi CONTENTS V . Summary of Important Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .