ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS VOLUME 17 This Page Intentiona lly Left Blank Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY L. MARTON . Nqtiorial Bureau of Standards, Washington, D . C. Assistant Editor CLAIRE MARTON EDITORIAL BOARD W. B. Nottingham E. R. Piore M. Ponte A. Rose L. P. Smith T. E. Allibone H. B. G. Casimir L. T. DeVore W. G. Dow A. 0. C. Nier VOLUME 17 1962 ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London COPYRIGHT 01962, BY ACADEMICPRESSINC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED I N ANY FORM BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 1 1 I FIFTHAVENUE NEWYORK3, N. Y. United Kingdom Edition Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. BERKELEY SQUARE HOUSE,LONDON W. 1 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 49-7504 PRINTED I N THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 17 W . G. DOW,Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan J. P. HOBSON, Radio and Electrical Engineering Division, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada J . M . HOUSTON,General Electric Research Laboratory, Schenectady, New York FRANK E. JAUMOT, JR., Delco Radio Division, General Motors Corporation, Kokomo, Indiana ERIC KAY, International Business Machines Corporation, Research Laboratory, San Jose, Calijornia E, V . KORNELSEN, Radio and Electrical Engineering Division, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada P. A. REDHEAD, Radio and Electrical Engineering Division, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada H . F. WEBSTER,General Electric Research Laboratory, Schenectady, New York This Page Intentiona lly Left Blank FOREWORD For many years we endeavored to issue at least one of our regular volumes per year, sometimes two. T h e present one was slated to appear some time in the fall of 1962 but the publication of the proceedings of the second international conference on photo-electronic image devices as our volume 16 interrupted somewhat our regular schedule and, at the same time, shortened the time lapse between publication dates of the next volumes. I sincerely hope that we will be able to bring to you in relatively rapid succession Volumes 18 and 19 together with our first supplementary volume on electroluminescence (by H. F. Ivey). At present we expect to publish the following reviews in forthcoming volumes: G. Broussaud and Simon F. P. Brooks, Jr. M. A. Biondi D. P. Kennedy G. Mollenstedt and F. Lenz F. E. Roach A. H. Schooley G. Birnbaum K. L. Bowles J. F. Dennisse M. Knoll J. L. Jackson and R. A. Piccirelli K. G. Emeleus R. G. Fawler L. S. Chernov S. H. Autler L. A. Russell J. W. Herbstreit J. Kistemaker and C. Snoek G. K. Wehner Endfire Antennae Advanced Computer Systems Planning Atomic Collisions Semiconductor Device Evaluation Electron Emission Microscopy Night Air Glow Electronic Instrumentation for Oceanography Light Optical Masers Scattering in the Upper Atmosphere Radioastronomy Biological Effects of Atmospheric Ions Cooperative Phenomena Plasma Oscillations Electrons as a Hydrodynamical Fluid Microwave Applications of Plasma Cryogenic Magnets High Speed Magnetic Core Memory Technology Tropospheric Propagation Atoms Produced in Sputtering Experiments Cathode Sputtering There are, however, two or three other possible contributions which, at this time, are not sufficiently well defined to be listed here. I t remains for me to express my heartfelt thanks to the authors of this volume for their excellent cooperation and to all those who helped to make it a good addition to our series. Paris, Frunce December 1962 L. MARTON