E-Book Overview
This book is the first to detail the chemical changes that occur in deforming materials subjected to unequal compressions. While thermodynamics provides, at the macroscopic level, an excellent means of understanding and predicting the behavior of materials in equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, much less is understood about nonhydrostatic stress and interdiffusion at the chemical level. Little is known, for example, about the chemistry of a state resulting from a cylinder of deforming material being more strongly compressed along its length than radially, a state of non-equilibrium that remains no matter how ideal the cylinder's condition in other respects. M. Brian Bayly here provides the outline of a comprehensive approach to gaining a simplified and unified understanding of such phenomena. The author's perspective differs from those commonly found in the technical literature in that he emphasizes two little-used equations that allow for a description and clarification of viscous deformation at the chemical level. Written at a level that will be accessible to many non-specialists, this book requires only a fundamental understanding of elementary mathematics, the nonhydrostatic stress state, and chemical potential. Geochemists, petrologists, structural geologists, and materials scientists will find Chemical Change in Deforming Materials interesting and useful.
E-Book Content
OXFORD MONOGRAPHS ON GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS NO. 21 Series editors H. Charnock J.F.Dewey S. Conway Morris A. Navrotsky E. R. Oxburgh R. A. Price B. J. Skinner OXFORD MONOGRAPHS ON GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS 1. DeVerle P. Harris: Mineral resources appraisal: mineral endowment, resources and potential supply: concepts, methods and cases 2. J. J. Veevers (ed.): Phanerozoic earth history of Australia 3. Yang Zunyi, Wang Hongzen and Cheng Yuqi (eds.): The geology of China 4. Lin-gun Liu and William A. Bassett: Elements, oxides and silicates: high pressure phases with implications for the earth's interior 5. Antoni Hoffman and Matthew H. Nitecki (eds.): Problematic fossil taxa 6. S. Mahmood Naqvi and John J. W. Rogers: Precambrian geology of India 7. Chih-Pei Chang and T. N. Krishnamurti (eds.): Monsoon meteorology 8. Zvi-Ben-Avraham (ed.): The evolution of the Pacific Ocean margins 9. Ian McDougall and T. Mark Harrison: Geochronology and thermochronology by the40 Ar/39 Ar method 10. Walter C. Sweet: The Conodonta: morphology, taxonomy, paleoecology, and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum 11. H. J. Melosh: Impact cratering: a geologic process 12. J. W. Cowie and M. D. Brasier (eds.): The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary 13. C. S. Hutchinson: Geological evolution of southeast Asia 14. Anthony J. Naldrett: Magmatic sulfide deposits 15. D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (eds.): The evolution of perissodactyls 16. M. Menzies (ed.): Continental mantle 17. R. J. Tingey (ed.): Geology of the Antarctic 18. Thomas J. Crowley and Gerald R. North: Paleoclimatology 19. Gregory J. Retallack: Miocene paleosols and ape habitats of Pakistan and Kenya 20. Kuo-Nan Liou: Radiation and cloud processes in the atmosphere 21. Brian Bayly: Chemical change in deforming materials 22. Allan K. Gibbs and Christopher N. Barren: The geology of the Guyana Shield 23. Peter J. Ortoleva: Geochemical self-organization Chemical Change in Deforming Materials BRIAN BAYLY Department of Geology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1992 Oxford University Press Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi Kuala Lumpur Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi Dar es Salaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland Madrid and associated companies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 1992 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 200 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxfo