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Under new editorial direction, Advances in Agronomy both continues its long tradition and expands to include innovative methods and technologies. Leading international scientists cover topics in plant and soil sciences, biotechnology, terrestrial ecosystems, and environmental concerns.The second volume under new editorial direction, Advances in Agronomy, Volume 47 focuses on environmental quality and biotechnology. Four articles on soil science cover acid deposition, chemical transport, and surface complexation. Two articles on crop science survey variety fingerprinting and corn evolution. This and related volumes will be of interest to agronomists and biotechnologists in academe, industry, and government. Key Features* Acidic deposition in forested soils* Modeling organic and inorganic chemical transport in soils* Surface complexation models in soil chemical systems* Fingerprinting crop varieties* Evolution of corn
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DVANCES I N igronomy V O L U M E 47 Advisory Board Martin Alexander Eugene J. Kamprath Cornell University North Carolina State University Kenneth J. Frey Larry P.Wilding Iowa State University Texas A&M University Prepared in cooperation with the American Society of Agronomy Monographs Committee S. H. Anderson L. P. Bush R. N. Carrow M. A. Tabatabai, Chairman G. L. Horst R. J. Lwmoore R. H. Miller G. A. Peterson c.w. Stuber S. R. Yates D V A N C E S I N onomy VOLUME 47 Edited by Donald L. Sparks Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Delaware Newark, Delaware ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edition published !y Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX Library of Congress Catalog Number: 50-5598 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-000747-9 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 BC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents CONTRIBUTORS ............................................... PREFACE...................................................... ix xi THE EFFECTS OF ACIDIC DEPOSITION ON FORESTED SOILS Wayne P. Robarge and Dale W.Johnson I . Introduction ............................................. 1 I1. Soil Acidification ......................................... I11. Forest Soils .............................................. IV. Case Studies of Soil Change ................................ V. FutureResearch .......................................... VI. Conclusions ............................................. References .............................................. 3 6 42 63 65 66 FINGERPRINTING CROP VARIETIES J . S. C. Smith and 0. S. Smith I . Introduction ............................................. I1. Characters Used to Fingerprint Cultivated Varieties . . . . . . . . . . . . I11. Discriminational Ability of Fingerprinting Techniques . . . . . . . . . . Iv. Usage of Fingerprints ..................................... V. NewTechniques ......................................... References .............................................. 85 86 108 119 125 127 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS THROUGH SOIL: MECHANISMS. MODELS. AND FIELD APPLICATIONS William A.Jury and Hannes Fluh