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Problems in electromagnetic propagation, especially those with complex geometries, have traditionally been solved using numerical methods, such as the method of finite differences. Unfortunately the mathematical methods suffer from a lack of physical appeal. The researcher or designer often loses sight of the physics underlying the problem, and changes in the mathematical formulation are often not identifiable with any physical change.
This book employs a relatively new method for solving electromagnetic problems, one which makes use of a transmission line matrix (TLM). The propagation space is imagined to be filled with this matrix. The propagating fields and physical properties (for example, the presence of conductivity) are then mapped onto the matrix. Mathematically, the procedures are identical with the traditional numerical methods; however, the interpretation and physical appeal of the transmission line matrix are far superior. Any change in the matrix has an immediate physical significance. What is also very important is that the matrix becomes a launching pad for many improvements in the analysis (for example, the nature of coherent waves) using more modern notions of electromagnetic waves. Eventually, the purely mathematical techniques will probably give way to the transmission line matrix method.
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ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS USING TRANSMISSION LINE VARIABLES Maurice Weiner World Scientific ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS USING TRANSMISSION LINE VARIABLES ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS USING TRANSMISSION LINE VARIABLES Maurice Weiner United Silicon Carbide, New Jersey V f e World Scientific « • Sinqapore L Singapore • New Jersey • London • Hong Kong Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. P O Box 128, Farrer Road, Singapore 912805 USA office: Suite IB, 1060 Main Street, River Edge, NJ 07661 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ELECTROMAGNETIC ANALYSIS USING TRANSMISSION LINE VARIABLES Copyright © 2001 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-02-4438-X Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers To Carole, Tammy, Josh, and Steve Preface Over the past one hundred years or so, we have witnessed remarkable progress in expanding the frontiers of scientific knowledge. During this scientific journey, researchers have discerned many trends and themes. One of the most important of these has been the relentless preference of nature to discretize. Whether we look to the biological sciences and the double helix, or the quantization of electromagnetic energy, or the existence of quarks in particle physics, it appears nature loves to count, to compartmentalize, and to express all phenomena in terms of some sort of unit. With its virtually limitless capacity to control vast arrays of such individual elements, nature has endowed us with an amazing range of materials, life forms, and variegated phenomena. Nature's affinity for using fundamental building blocks is not the whole story, however. Its capability in the realm of the infinitesimal is superseded by its incredible ability to synthesize, to derive function, and to obtain me