The first research-based guide to developing training programs that truly improve employee performance, Mastering the Instructional Design Process will serve as a road map for all trainers, human resource managers, and instructional designers charged with the responsibility of finding effective, lasting solutions to employee performance problems.
Implement working solutions Mastering the Instructional Design Process is essential to anyone who seeks to improve workplace performance with training, job aids, organization development, employee reward programs, task-related feedback, and high-impact hiring. Full of case studies, checklists, and charts, this is your guide to performance improvement!
E-Book Content
CONTENTS Tables, Figures, and Exhibits xiii Preface to the Second Edition xvii The International Board of Standards for Training, Performance, and Instruction xxix The Authors xxxi PART ONE: DETECTING AND SOLVING HUMAN PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS 1 1 The Role of Instructional Design in Solving Performance Problems 3 2 Alternatives to Instructional Solutions: Five Frequent Options 15 3 Determining Projects Appropriate for Instructional Design Solutions 33 x Contents PART TWO: ANALYZING NEEDS, LEARNERS, WORK SETTINGS, AND WORK 51 4 Conducting a Needs Assessment 53 5 Assessing Relevant Characteristics of Learners 81 6 Analyzing Characteristics of a Work Setting 101 7 Performing Job, Task, and Content Analysis 116 PART THREE: ESTABLISHING PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES AND PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS 149 8 Writing Statements of Performance Objectives 151 9 Developing Performance Measurements 1 71 10 Sequencing Performance Objectives 190 PART FOUR: DELIVERING THE INSTRUCTION EFFECTIVELY 207 11 Specifying Instructional Strategies 209 12 Designing Instructional Materials 234 1 3 Evaluating Instruction 264 PART FIVE: MANAGING INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN PROJECTS SUCCESSFULLY 285 14 Designing the Instructional Management System 287 15 Planning and Monitoring Instructional Design Projects 304 16 Communicating Effectively 318 1 7 Interacting with Others 333 18 Promoting the Use of Instructional Design 354 Contents x 19 Being an Effective Instructional Designer: Lessons Learned 367 Appendix: The Results of a Survey About Current Issues in Instructional Design 379 References 391 Name Index 409 Subject Index 413 Mastering The Instructional Design Process 1 PART ONE DETECTING AND SOLVING HUMAN PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS CHAPTER ONE THE ROLE OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN SOLVING PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS The field of instructional design is associated with analyzing human performance problems systematically, identifying the root causes of those problems, con sidering various solutions to address the root causes, and implementing the solutions in ways designed to minimize the unintended consequences of corrective action. Instructional design usually encompasses not just the preparation of work- related instruction but also the selection of such noninstructional (management) solutions to human performance problems as the preparation and use of job aids, the redesign of organizational structure and reporting relationships, the redesign of jobs and tasks, the refocusing of employee selection methods, the reengineering of job- and task-related feedback methods, and the design and implementation of employee reward programs (Edmonds, Branch, and Mukherjee, 1990; Jacobs, 1987; Rothwell, 1996a, 1996b). As we use the term, instructional design is (1) an emerging profession, (2) focused on establishing and maintaining efficient and effective human performance