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Current Topics in Membranes and Transport Volume I Advisory Board Robert W. Berliner Britton Chance I . S. Edelman Aaron Katchalsky Adam Kepes Richard D. Keynes Philip Siekevitz Torsten Teorell Daniel C . Tosteson Hans H . Ussing Contributors Lloyd Barr Maynard M . Dewey H . R. Kaback Adam Kepes David H . MacLennun Aser Rothstein Current Topics in Membranes and Transport VOLUME 1 Edited b y Felix Bronner Department of Oral Biology School of Dental Medicine University of Connecticut Storrs, Connecticut and Arnost Kleinzeller Graduate Division of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1970 Academic Press New York and London COPYRIGHT 0 1970, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED N O PART O F THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION F RO M T H E PUBLISHERS. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 1 1 1 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMlC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. Berkeley Square House, L o n d o n W1X 6BA LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:70- 117091 PRINTED IN TH E UNITED STATES O F AMERICA Contents LIST O F CONTRIBUTORS, FOREWORD, ix PREFACE, xi vii Some Considerations About the Structure of Cellular Membranes MAYNARD M. DEWEY AND LLOYD BARR I. 11. 111. IV. Introduction, 1 Levels of Membrane Structure, Primary Structure, 5 Secondary Structure, 11 V. Tertiary Structure, 11 VI. Quaternary Structure, 21 VII. Summary, 29 References, 31 3 The Transport of Sugars Across Isolated Bacterial Membranes H. R. KABACK I. Introduction, 36 38 111. Studies with Isolated Bacterial Membrane Preparations, IV. Lactose Transport, 93 V. Conclusions and Speculations, 96 References, 97 11. Historical, 42 Galactoride Permease of Escherichia coli ADAM KEPES I. Introduction, 101 11. Kinetics of Uphill Transport of Thiogalactosides, 102 111. The Energy Requirement of Uphill Transport, 106 IV. The State of Accumulated Intracellular Galactosides, 109 V. Minor Metabolic Products of Thiogalactosides, 110 VI. Other Metabolic Changes Accompanying Galactoside Transport, VII. The Permease Protein, 112 VIII. Carrier Properties of Galactoside Permease, 115 IX. The Energy Cycle in Permease Operation, 123 X. Common Pathway between Glucose and Galactosides, 128 XI. Conclusions, 131 References, 133 111 V CONTENTS vi Sulfhydryl Groups in Membrane Structure and Function ASER ROTHSTEIN I. Introduction, 136 11. Sulfhydryl Croups of Proteins and Enzymes, 138 111. Reactions of Sulfhydryl Agents with the Cell Membrane: The General Problem, 140 IV. Membrane Effects versus Internal Effects, 146 V. Kinds of Membrane Functions Disturbed by Sulfhydryl Agents, 150 VI. The Geographical Location and Size of Sulfhydryl Compartments in the Membrane, 152 VII. The Mechanism of Action of Sulfhydryl Agents and the Functional Role of Membrane Sulfhydryl Groups, 160 VIII. Summary and Conclusions, 170 References. 172 Molecular Architecture of the Mitochondrion DAVID H. MACLENNAN I. Introduction, 177 11. The Membrane Systems of the Mitochondrion, 178 111. Localization of Enzymic Activities in the Inner Membrane, IV. Mitochondria1 Biosynthesis, 217 References, 226 Author Index, 233 Subject Index, 242 192 List of Contributors Lloyd Barr, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Maynard M. Dewey, Department of Anatomy, The Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania H. R. Kaback, Division of Biochemistry, T