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Sometimes, when I'm wandering in an art museum looking at the relics of an ancient civilization, I find myself wondering how a future society would represent a defunct American culture. What objects would be chosen—or would survive—to be placed on display? Would I agree with a curator's choices? Were I to choose the items that some future American Museum of Art should exhibit to represent twentieth-century American culture, here are some I would name: an tilvis Presley record; a Currier & Ives print; a movie still from Casablanca. To put it a different way, my priority would not be to exhibit fragments of an urban cathedral, a painted landscape, or a formal costume. I wouldn't deny such objects could be important artifacts of American culture, or that they belong in a gallery. But in my avowedly biased opinion, the most vivid documents of American life—the documents that embody its possibilities and limits—arc typically found in its popular culture.
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S T . J A M E S E N C Y C L O P E D I A POPULARCULTURE O F S T . J A M E S E N C Y C L O P E D I A POPULARCULTURE VOLUME 5: U - Z / I N D E X E S EDITORS: Tom Pendergast Sara Pendergast with an introduction by Jim Cullen O F Tom Pendergast, Sara Pendergast, Editors Michael J. Tyrkus, Project Coordinator Laura Standley Berger, Joann Cerrito, Dave Collins, Steve Cusack, Nicolet V. Elert, Miranda Ferrara, Jamie FitzGerald, Kristin Hart, Laura S. Kryhoski, Margaret Mazurkiewicz St. James Press Staff Peter M. Gareffa, Managing Editor, St. James Press Maria Franklin, Permissions Manager Kimberly F. Smilay, Permissions Specialist Kelly A. Quin, Permissions Associate Erin Bealmear, Sandy Gore, Permissions Assistants Mary Grimes, Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Image Catalogers Mary Beth Trimper, Composition Manager Dorothy Maki, Manufacturing Manager Wendy Blurton, Senior Buyer Cynthia Baldwin, Product Design Manager Martha Schiebold, Graphic Artist Randy Bassett, Image Database Supervisor Robert Duncan, Michael Logusz, Imaging Specialists Pamela A. Reed, Imaging Coordinator While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, St. James Press does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. St. James Press accepts no payment for listing; and inclusion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the publisher will be corrected in future editions. This publication is a creative work fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this work have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement, and classification of the information. All rights to this publication will be vigorously defended. Copyright © 2000 St. James Press 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331 All rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture / with an introduction by Jim Cullen; editors, Tom Pendergast and Sara Pendergast. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-558-62400-7 (set) — ISBN 1-558-62401-5 (v.1) — ISBN 1-558-62402-3 (v.2) — ISBN 1-558-62403-1 (v.3) — ISBN 1-558-62404-x (v.4) — ISBN 1-558-62405-8 (v. 5) 1. United States—Civilization—20th century—Encyclopedias. 2. Popular culture—United States—History—20th century—Encyclopedias. I. Pendergast, Tom. II. Pender