E-Book Overview
Igneous and metamorphic petrology has over the last twenty years expanded rapidly into a broad, multifaceted and increasingly quantitative science. Advances in geochemistry, geochronology, and geophysics, as well as the appearance of new analytical tools, have all contributed to new ways of thinking about the origin and evolution of magmas, and the processes driving metamorphism.
This book is designed to give students a balanced and comprehensive coverage of these new advances, as well as a firm grounding in the classical aspects of igneous and metamorphic petrology. The emphasis throughout is on the processes controlling petrogenesis, but care is taken to present the important descriptive information so crucial to interpretation.
- One of the most up-to-date synthesis of igneous and metamorphic petrology available.
- Emphasis throughout on latest experimental and field data.
- Igneous and metamorphic sections can be used independently if necessary.
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IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY SECOND EDITION Myron G. Best Brigham Young University IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY To Viv Karl, Richard, Tyler Karen, Jenny, Teresa, Katrina, Laura IGNEOUS AND METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY SECOND EDITION Myron G. Best Brigham Young University © 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd a Blackwell Publishing company Editorial Offices: 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5018, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton South, Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia Kurfürstendamm 57, 10707 Berlin, Germany The right of Myron G. Best to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2003 by Blackwell Science Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Best, Myron G. Igneous and metamorphic petrology / Myron G. Best.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-40510-588-7 (alk. paper) 1. Rocks, Igneous. 2. Rocks, Metamorphic. I. Title. QE461 .B53 2002 552′.1—dc21 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. On the cover: Photographs of rock from the upper mantle and deep continental crust. Beneath the lettering is a photomicrograph of peridotite viewed in cross-polarized light. The other rock lies in an outcrop in Swaziland along the Ngwempezi River and is Archean mafic gneiss that was probably derived from a basaltic protolith initially metamorphosed at 3.5 Ga, making it one of the oldest rocks exposed on the African continent. The gneiss was subjected to at least three episodes of deformation and nine intrusive events, the youngest product being a 2.6 Ga felsic pegmatite seen here. Photograph courtesy of Cees Passchier. Set in 10/12pt Simoncini Garamond by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in Italy by G. Canale & C. S.p.A., Turin For further information on Blackwell Science, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com CONTENTS PREFACE XIX CHAPTER 1: Overview of Fundamental Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 CHAPTER 2: Composition and Classification of Magmatic Rocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CHAPTER 3: Thermodynamics and Kinetics: An Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 CHAPTER 4: Silicate Melts and Volatile Fluids in Magma Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 CHAPTER 5: Crysta