Infrared Spectroscopy In Clinical And Diagnostic Analysis

INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS Infrared Spectroscopy in Clinical and Diagnostic Analysis R. Anthony Shaw and Henry H. Mantsch Institute for Biodiagnostics, National Research Council of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada 1 Introduction 2 Infrared Spectroscopy of Biological Fluids 2.1 Mid-infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy 2.2 Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of Dried Films 2.3 Near-infrared Spectroscopy 3 Calibration Methods 3.1 Multiple-wavelength Linear Regression 3.2 Principal Component Regression and Partial Least Squares 3.3 Spectral Preprocessing 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 4 Serum Analysis 4.1 Infrared Spectroscopy of Serum 4.2 Serum Analysis using Near-infrared Spectroscopy 4.3 Serum Analysis using Mid-infrared Spectroscopy 10 5 Serum and Blood Glucose 14 6 Fetal Lung Maturity Determined by Infrared Spectroscopy 14 7 Other Fluids 7.1 Urine Analysis 7.2 Saliva 15 15 16 8 9 Disease Diagnosis Based on Infrared Spectral Pattern Recognition 8.1 Arthritis Diagnosis from Infrared Spectroscopy of Synovial Fluid 8.2 Disease Pattern Recognition in Midinfrared Spectra of Serum Summary 6 6 1 The infrared spectrum of a mixture serves as the basis to quantitate its constituents, and a number of common clinical chemistry tests have proven to be feasible using this approach. This article reviews the infrared spectroscopybased analytical methods that have been developed for consideration as clinical assays, including serum analysis, urine analysis, amniotic fluid assays for the estimation of fetal lung maturity, and others. Because of the widespread interest in the potential for in vivo measurement of blood glucose using near-infrared spectroscopy, a separate section is devoted to the analysis of glucose in whole blood. A related technique u