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This book presents a precise approach for defect sizing using ultrasonics. It describes an alternative to the current European and American standards by neglecting their limitations. The approach presented here is not only valid for conventional angle beam probes, but also for phased array angle beam probes. It introduces an improved method which provides a significant productivity gain and calculates curves with high accuracy. Its content is of interest to all those working with distance gain size (DGS) methods or are using distance amplitude correction (DAC) curves.
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Wolf Kleinert Defect Sizing Using Non-destructive Ultrasonic Testing Applying Bandwidth-Dependent DAC and DGS Curves Defect Sizing Using Non-destructive Ultrasonic Testing Wolf Kleinert Defect Sizing Using Non-destructive Ultrasonic Testing Applying Bandwidth-Dependent DAC and DGS Curves 123 Wolf Kleinert Bonn Germany ISBN 978-3-319-32834-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-32836-2 ISBN 978-3-319-32836-2 (eBook) Library of Congress Control Number: 2016937519 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland Preface In 1982 I started my career in the Krautkrämer Company in Cologne. Since then I have worked in the field of non-destructive material testing using ultrasonics up to my retirement in the end of 2014. In the past couple of years I was particularly engaged with the distance–gain–size (DGS) method for the sizing of reflectors. This activity started when a colleague of mine, Michael Berke, came to me showing the result of a software test. The software tested was the implementation of the DGS method in an ultrasonic Flaw Detector. The software test showed strange deviations using the DGS method applied to measurements with an angle beam probe. The first approach, assuming a software bug, had to be abandoned quickly. This led to the development of new innovative angle beam probes, single element as well as phased array probes. Many iterations were necessary during this development. The prototypes were improved step-by-step until the result was satisfactory. In Chaps. 4–6 the development is described in great detail. A lot of insight was gained during the years of this development, finally resulting in probes which are fully modeled. The sound fields of these probes can be calculated easily. Due to this fact, bandwidth-dependent DGS curves, respectively DAC curves for flat-bottomed holes and side-drilled holes could be engineered. GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies GmbH in Huerth, Germany applied for several p