Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics This is Volume 61 in the INTERNATIONAL GEOPHYSICS SERIES A series of m o n o g r a p h s and textbooks Edited by R E N A T A D M O W S K A and J A M E S R. H O L T O N A complete list of books in this series appears at the end of this volume. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics Murry L. Salby CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC THEORY AND ANALYSIS UNIVERSITY OF C O L O R A D O BOULDER, COLORADO ACADEMIC P R E S S An Imprint of Elsevier San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. ( ~ Copyright 9 1996, Elsevier. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK. Phone: (44) 1865 843830, Fax: (44) 1865 853333, e-mail:
[email protected] You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage: http://www.elsevier.com by selecting "Customer Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions". A c a d e m i c Press A n Imprint of E/sevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com A c a d e m i c Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NWl 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Salby, Murry L. Fundamentals of Atmospheric Physics / Murry L. Salby. p. cm. -- (International geophysics series : v. 61) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-0-12-615160-2 ISBN-10:0-12-615160-1 1. Atmospheric Physics. I. Title. II. Series. QC861861.2S25 1995 95-15419 551.5--dc20 ISBN-13:978-0-12-615160-2 ISBN-10:0-12-615160-1 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 06 MM 9 8 7 DEDICATED TO HARRY To the resolve you maintained in the face of adversity, To the quiet wisdom you gave us. This Page Intentionally Left Blank The most fruitful areas for growth of the sciences are tho