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FESTKORPERPROBLEME XVIII ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS FESTKORPER PROBLEMEXVHI ADVANCES IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS Plenary Lectures of the Divisions "Semiconductor Physics" "Metal Physics" "Low Temperature Physics" "Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics" "Crystallography" "Magnetism" of the GermanPhysical Society Freudenstadt, March 6 - 1 0 , 1978 Edited by J. Treusch, Dortmund With 223 figures Vieweg CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Festk6rper-Probleme = Advances in solid state physics. - Braunsehweig: Vieweg. ISSN 0430-3393 NE: P T 1 8 . Plenary lectures of the divisions Semiconductor Physics, Metal Physics, Low Temperature Physics, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physical Society, Freudenstadt, March 6 -10, 1 9 7 8 . - 1 9 7 8 . ISBN 3-528-08024-8 NE: Deutsche Physikalische GeseUschaft [ Fachausschut~ Halbleiterphysik; Deutsche Physikalische GeselLschaft / Fachausschut~Metallphysik ISSN 0430-3393 All rights reserved © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig, 1978 No part o f this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwi~, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Set by Vieweg, Braunschweig Printed by E. Hunold, Braunschweig Bookbinder: W . Langeliiddecke, Braunschweig Cover design: Barbara Seebohm, Braunschweig Printed in Germany-West ISBN 3 5 2 8 0 8 0 2 4 8 Foreword V o l u m e XVIII o f "Festk/Srperprobleme/Advances in Solid S t a t e Physics" presents a selection o f invited papers delivered a t the Springmeeting o f the Solid S t a t e Divisions of the German Physical Society in Freudenstadt 1 9 7 8 . The v o l u m e s h o w s t h r e e clearly marked lines of interest: energy, surfaces and semiconductor optics. The v o l u m e is o p e n e d by the Walter-Schottky Prize winners of this year Bernhard A u t h i e r and H o r s t Fischer, who r e p o r t on their n e w l y developped Silicon solar cells. Energy conversion is also topical in the plenary talks by Metzner on photosynthesis and by Alefeld, who deals with new w o r k i n g fluids in p o w e r p l a n t s and heat p u m p s . Lithiumnitride, a n unusual ionic conductor, is presented by Rabenau. The following papers are concerned with surface analysis and properties, ranging from SIMS to LEED and from adescription of the electronic structure o f semic o n d u c t o r surfaces to the concept o f surface exciton polaritons. The polariton concept is also stressed in a p a p e r on Resonant Brillouin Scattering. L a s e r induced gratings are presented as means to investigate optically excited solids. In the final p a p e r the development is described w h i c h has t a k e n place in the field of l i g h t emitting diodes in the visible range. T h a n k s are due to all a u t h o r s for t h e i r efforts and to the Vieweg-Verlag for a once more very effective cooperation. Joachim Treusch D o r t m u n d , June 1978 Co ntents B. Authier Poly-Crystalline Silicon with Columnar Structure 11. Fischer Solar Cells Based on Nonsingle Crystalline Silicon 19 [-I. Metzner Solar Energy Conversionby Plant Photosynthesis 33 G. A lefeld New Approaches to Energy Conversion by Alternative Working Fluids 53 A. Rabenau Lithium Nitride, Li3N, an Unusual Ionic Conductor 77 H. h/ilsch Surface Analysis: Aspects of Atomic Beam Scattering, Secondary Inn Mass Spectroscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopies 109 H. Jagodzinski Diffraction in Surfaces and Interfaces 129 M. Schliiter The Electronic Structure o f Semiconductor Surfaces 155 J. Lagois and B. Fischer Introduction to Surface Exciton Polaritons 197 R. G. Ulbri