Foreword The modern developments in mathematical biology took place roughly between 1920 and 1940, a period now referred to as the "Golden Age of Theoretical Biology". The eminent Italian mathematician Vito Volterra played a decisive and widely acknowledged role in these developments. Volterra's interest in the application of mathematics to the non physical sciences, and to biology and economics in particular, dates back to the turn of the century and was expressed in his inaugural address at the University of Rome for the academic year 1900/01 (VOLTERRA 1901). Nevertheless, it was only in the mid-twenties that Volterra entered the field in person, at the instigation of his son in law, Umberto D'Ancona, who had confronted him with the problem of competition among animal species, asking him whether a mathematical treatment was possible. From that time on, until his death in 1940, Volterra produced a huge output of publications on the subject. Volterra's specific project was to transfer the model and the concepts of classical mechanics to biology, constructing a sort of "rational mechanics" and an "analytic mechanics" of biological associations. The new subject was thus to be equipped with a solid experimental or at least empirical basis, also in this case following the tried and tested example of mathematical physics. Although very few specific features of this reductionist programme have actually survived, Volterra's contribution was decisive, as is now universally acknowledged, in en couraging fresh studies in the field of mathematical biology.
Science Networks • Historical Studies Founded by Erwin Hiebert and Hans Wußing Volume 26 Edited by Eberhard Knobloch and Erhard Scholz Editorial Board: K. Andersen, Aarhus D. Barkan, Pasadena HJ.M. Bos, Utrecht U. Bottazzini, Roma J.Z. Buchwald, Cambridge, Mass. K. Chemla, Paris S.S. Demidov, Moskva E. A. Fellmann, Basel M. Folkerts, München P. Galison, Cambridge, Mass. I. Grattan-Guinness, London J. Gray, Milton Keynes R. Halleux, Liege S. Hildebrandt, Bonn Ch. Meinel, Regensburg J. Peiffer, Paris W. Purkert, Leipzig D. Rowe, Mainz A.I. Sabra, Cambridge, Mass. Ch. Sasaki, Tokyo R.H. Stuewer, Minneapolis H. Wußing, Leipzig V.P. Vizgin, Moskva Springer Basel AG Giorgio Israel Ana Millän Gasca The Biology of Numbers The Correspondence of Vito Volterra on Mathematical Biology Springer Basel AG Authors' addresses: Giorgio Israel Dipartimento di Matematica Universitä di Roma "La Sapienza" Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 1-00185 Roma email:
[email protected] .it Ana Millän Gasca Viale dei Promontori 278 1-00122 Roma e-mail:
[email protected] This publication has been made possible by the financial support of the grant Confinanziamento MURST 1999. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress, Washington D.C, USA Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data Israel, Giorgio: The biology of numbers : the correspondence of Vito Volterra on mathematical biology / Giorgio Israel; Ana Millän Gasca. - Basel; Boston ; Berlin : Birkhäuser, 2002 ISBN 978-3-0348-9447-0 ISBN 978-3-0348-8123-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8123-4 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use whatsoever, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained. ©2002 Springer Base