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Year: 2,013
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Edition: 2nd
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City: New York
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Pages: 1,166
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Pages In File: 585
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Language: English
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Topic: 286
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Identifier: 9781118423448,1118423445
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Org File Size: 71,970,039
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Extension: pdf
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Tags: Физика Физика твердого тела
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Toc: Understanding Solids: The Science of Materials......Page 1Contents......Page 9Preface to the Second Edition......Page 19Preface to the First Edition......Page 21Part 1: Structures and microstructures......Page 231.1.1 The quantum mechanical description......Page 251.1.2 The energy of the electron......Page 261.1.4 Orbital shapes......Page 271.2.2 Electron spin and electron configuration......Page 291.2.3 The periodic table......Page 311.3.2 Terms and term symbols......Page 331.3.3 Levels......Page 351.3.4 Electronic energy level calculations......Page 36Further reading......Page 37Problems and exercises......Page 382.1.1 Ions......Page 412.1.2 Ionic size and shape......Page 422.1.3 Lattice energies......Page 432.1.4 Atomistic simulation......Page 452.2.1 Valence bond theory......Page 462.2.2 Molecular orbital theory......Page 522.3 Metallic bonding and energy bands......Page 572.3.1 Molecular orbitals and energy bands......Page 582.3.2 The free electron gas......Page 592.3.3 Energy bands......Page 622.3.4 Properties of metals......Page 632.3.5 Bands in ionic and covalent solids......Page 652.3.6 Computation of properties......Page 66Further reading......Page 67Problems and exercises......Page 683.1 Weak chemical bonds......Page 713.2.2 Crystalline solids......Page 743.2.3 Quasicrystals......Page 753.2.4 Non-crystalline solids......Page 763.2.6 Nanoparticles and nanostructures......Page 773.3 The development of microstructures......Page 793.3.2 Processing......Page 803.4.1 Point defects in crystals of elements......Page 823.4.2 Solid solutions......Page 833.4.3 Schottky defects......Page 843.4.4 Frenkel defects......Page 853.4.5 Non-stoichiometric compounds......Page 863.4.6 Point defect notation......Page 883.5.1 Edge dislocations......Page 903.5.4 Planar defects......Page 913.5.5 Volume defects: precipitates......Page 92Problems and exercises......Page 954.1.1 One-component (unary) systems......Page 994.1.2 The phase rule for one-component (unary) systems......Page 1014.2.1 Two-component (binary) systems......Page 1024.2.3 Simple binary diagrams: nickel–copper as an example......Page 1034.2.4 Binary systems containing a eutectic point: tin–lead as an example......Page 1054.2.5 Intermediate phases and melting......Page 1094.3.1 The iron–carbon phase diagram......Page 1104.3.3 Invariant points......Page 1114.4 Ternary systems.