E-Book Content
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING OF DROPLETS Fundamentals and Applications by Huimin Liu spraysoft.com Detroit, Michigan NOYES PUBLICATIONS Park Ridge, New Jersey, U.S.A. WILLIAM ANDREW PUBLISHING, LLC Norwich, New York, U.S.A. JMR 5-Oct-01 Copyright © 2000 by Noyes Publications No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 98-27324 ISBN: 0-8155-1436-0 Printed in the United States Published in the United States of America by Noyes Publications / William Andrew Publishing, LLC Norwich, New York, U.S.A. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liu, Huimin, 1981– Science and engineering of droplets : fundamentals and applications / by Huimin Liu. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8155-1436-0 1. Spraying. 2. Atomization. I. Title. TP156.S6L58 1999 620'.43--dc21 99-27324 CIP NOTICE To the best of our knowledge the information in this publication is accurate; however the Publisher does not assume any responsibility or liability for the accuracy or completeness of, or consequences arising from, such information. This book is intended for informational purposes only. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Publisher. Final determination of the suitability of any information or product for use contemplated by any user, and the manner of that use, is the sole responsibility of the user. We recommend that anyone intending to rely on any recommendation of materials or procedures mentioned in this publication should satisfy himself as to such suitability, and that he can meet all applicable safety and health standards. JMR 5-Oct-01 Foreword Dew droplets scatter the light of the early morning sun like thousands of diamonds. Billions of passing rain droplets, refracting and internally reflecting the sunlight, form the rainbow, stretching across the sky and competing in its magnificence with the red fire ball of the sunset. Droplets are encountered not only in nature but also in a wide range of engineering applications, such as spray combustion, spray drying, spray cooling, etc., etc. The related areas span automotive, aerospace, metallurgy, material, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, paper, food processing, agriculture, meteorology, and power generation. It was these applications that stimulated the fundamental research and development of the technologies associated with discrete droplets. In the past century, droplet-related phenomena have been a subject of considerable scientific interest and practical importance. In recent years, strong research efforts have led to significant strides in theoretical and experimental studies of droplet processes. The drastic developments in high speed, large memory, parallel processing computer systems and advanced computational and measurement techniques have enabled the direct numerical modeling andon-line, in situ measurements of certain droplet properties, and thus largely advanced the design and optimization of droplet processes. These advances have significantly improved our fundamental understanding of the phenomena and processes associated with discrete droplets in general. It is therefore desirable to review these results in a timely manner. v vi Foreword This book presents an updated, systematic review of the recent advances in fundamental science and engineering applications of discrete droplet processes. The objective of this book is to familiarize the reader with the scientific and engineering aspects of discrete droplet processes, and