Wood-plastic Composites

WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES ANATOLE A. KLYOSOV WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITES ANATOLE A. KLYOSOV Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/ permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Wiley Bicentennial Logo: Richard J. Pacifico Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Klysov, A. A. (Anatolii Alekseevich) Wood-plastic composites / Anatole A. Klyosov. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-14891-4 (cloth) 1. Plastic-impregnated wood. 2. Engineered wood. 3. Strength of materials. I. Title. TA418.9.C6K5838 2007 620.1’2–dc22 2007001698 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 The book is targeted for multidisciplinary scientists and engineers dealing with wood-plastic composites, material science, cellulose, polymers, minerals, strain and stress, flammability, microbiology, rheology, plastic technology, as well as graduate-level students in these disciplines. CONTENTS Preface 1. Foreword-Overview: Wood–Plastic Composites xxv 1 WPC: Pricing Restrictions, 11 WPC: Brands and Manufacturers, 15 Flexural Strength, 15 Flexural Modulus and Deflection, 17 Deck Boards, 17 Stair Treads, 18 Thermal Expansion–Contraction, 20 Shrinkage, 22 Slip Resistance, 24 Water Absorption, Swell, and Buckling, 26 Microbial Degradation, 29 Termite Resistance, 33 Flammability, 35 Oxidation and Crumbling, 36 Photooxidation and Fading, 40 Wood–Plastic Composites—Products, Trends, Market Size and Dynamics, and Unsolved (or Partially Solved) Problems, 42 WPC Products, 42 The Public View: Perception, 43 vii viii CONTENTS WPC Market Size and Dynamics, 44 Competition on the WPC Market, 45 Unsolved (or Only Partially Solved) R & D Problems, 48 References, 49 2. Compositi