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DATA MINING USING GRAMMAR BASED GENETIC PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS GENETIC PROGRAMMING SERIES Series Editor John Koza Stanford University Also in the series: GENETIC PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES: Genetic Programming + Data Structures = Automatic Programming! William B. Langdon; I S B N : 0-7923-8135-1 AUTOMATIC RE-ENGINEERING OF SOFTWARE USING GENETIC PROGRAMMING, Conor Ryan; ISBN: 0-7923-8653- 1 The cover image was generated using Genetic Programming and interactive selection. Anargyros Sarafopoulos created the image, and the GP interactive selection software. DATA MINING USING GRAMMAR BASED GENETIC PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATIONS by Man Leung Wong Lingnan University, Hong Kong Kwong Sak Leung The Chinese University of Hong Kong KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK / BOSTON / DORDRECHT / LONDON / MOSCOW eBook ISBN: Print ISBN: 0-306-47012-8 0-792-37746-X ©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow All rights reserved No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher Created in the United States of America Visit Kluwer Online at: and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.kluweronline.com http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com Contents LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ ix LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................. xi PREFACE .......................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1 DATA MINING ...............