E-Book Overview
Techniques in Organic Chemistry is the most comprehensive presentation of lab techniques available for organic chemistry students—and the least expensive. This book is intended to serve as a laboratory textbook of experimental techniques for all students of organic chemistry. It is written to provide effective support for guided-inquiry and design-based experiments and projects, as well as for traditional lab experiments. Techniques in Organic Chemistry combines specific instructions for 3 different kinds of laboratory glassware (miniscale, standard-taper microscale, Williamson microscale). It offers extensive coverage of spectroscopic techniques and a strong emphasis on safety issues. It can be used in conjunction with any lab experiments to provide the background and skills necessary for mastering the organic chemistry laboratory. The techniques manual may be purchased separately, or it can be packaged with either version of Mohrig’s Modern Projects and Experiments in Organic Chemistry or with an instructor’s own experiments through Freeman Custom Publishing.
E-Book Content
Chemical resistance of common types of gloves to various compounds Glove type Compound Neoprene Nitrile Latex Acetone Chloroform Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Ethanol Ethyl acetate Hexane Methanol Nitric acid (conc.) Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid (conc.) Toluene good good fair very good very good good excellent very good good very good good fair fair poor poor good excellent poor excellent fair poor excellent poor fair good poor poor poor excellent fair poor fair poor excellent poor poor Common organic solvents Name Boiling Density Dielectric Miscible point (°C) (g · ml 1) constant with H2O Acetone (2-propanone) Dichloromethane Diethyl ether Ethanol (95% aq. azeotrope) Ethanol (anhydrous) Ethyl acetate Hexane Methanol Pentane 2-Propanol (Isopropyl alcohol) Toluene 56.5 40 35 78 78.5 77 69 65 36 82.5 111 0.792 1.326 0.713 0.816 0.789 0.902 0.660 0.792 0.626 0.785 0.866 21 9.1 4.3 27 25 6.0 1.9 33 1.8 18 2.4 yes no no yes yes slightly no yes no yes no Selected data on common acid and base solutions Compound Molarity Density (g · ml 1) % by weight Acetic acid (glacial) Ammonia (concentrated) Hydrobromic acid (concentrated) Hydrochloric acid (concentrated) Nitric acid (concentrated) Phosphoric acid (concentrated) Sodium hydroxide Sulfuric acid (concentrated) 17 15.3 8.9 12 16 14.7 6 18 1.05 0.90 1.49 1.18 1.42 1.70 1.22 1.84 100 28.4 48 37 71 85 20 95–98 Quick reference for other important tables Page 13 C DEPT signals (22.8) C chemical shifts (22.1) Common GC stationary phases (19.1) Drying agents (12.1) Filter paper types (10.1) 1 H chemical shifts (21.2) 1 H coupling constants (21.6) NMR Solvents, deuterated (21.1) Recrystallization solvents (15.1) TLC solvent polarities (17.1) 13 392 377 261 133 104 329 351 320 185 232 2.0 mL 1.5 mL 1.0 mL Quick reference for other important figures Page Distillation fractional (13.17) simple (13.7) short-path (13.8) standard taper microscale (13.10) Williamson microscale (13.13) Extraction microscale (11.8, 11.10) miniscale (11.5) Filtration, vacuum microscale (10.7) miniscale (10.6) Glassware standard taper miniscale (4.4) standard taper microscale (4.6) Williamson microscale (4.8) 160 149 152 153 156 0.5 mL 128, 130 123–124 111 110 33 35 36 0.1 mL Quick reference for sections on sources of confusion Page Computational chemistry Distillation Drying organic liquids Extraction Filtration Gas chromatography (GC) IR spectroscopy Liquid chromatography (LC) Melting points Mass spectrometry (MS) 1 H NMR spe