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Planning and Task Performance in a Second Language Language Learning and Language Teaching The LL< monograph series publishes monographs as well as edited volumes on applied and methodological issues in the field of language pedagogy. The focus of the series is on subjects such as classroom discourse and interaction; language diversity in educational settings; bilingual education; language testing and language assessment; teaching methods and teaching performance; learning trajectories in second language acquisition; and written language learning in educational settings. Series editors Nina Spada Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto Jan H. Hulstijn Department of Second Language Acquisition, University of Amsterdam Volume 11 Planning and Task Performance in a Second Language Edited by Rod Ellis Planning and Task Performance in a Second Language Edited by Rod Ellis University of Auckland John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia 8 TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Planning and task performance in a second language / edited by Rod Ellis. p. cm. (Language Learning and Language Teaching, issn 1569–9471 ; v. 11) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Second language acquisition. 2. Second language acquisition-Ability testing. 3. Second language acquisition--Methodology. 4. Language and languages--Study and teaching. 5. Language planning. 6. Competence and performance (Linguistics) I. Ellis, Rod. II. Series. P118.2.P59 2005 418’.0071--dc22 isbn 90 272 1961 3 (Eur.) / 1 58811 613 1 (US) (Hb; alk. paper) isbn 90 272 1962 1 (Eur.) / 1 58811 614 X (US) (Pb; alk. paper) 2004066032 © 2005 – John Benjamins B.V. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher. John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 36224 · 1020 me Amsterdam · The Netherlands John Benjamins North America · P.O. Box 27519 · Philadelphia pa 19118-0519 · usa JB[v.20020404] Prn:2/02/2005; 14:54 F: LLLT11CO.tex / p.1 (43-104) Table of contents Preface Section I. Introduction Chapter 1 Planning and task-based performance: Theory and research Rod Ellis Section II. Task rehearsal Chapter 2 Integrative planning through the use of task-repetition Martin Bygate and Virginia Samuda Section III. Strategic planning Chapter 3 What do learners plan? Learner-driven attention to form during pre-task planning Lourdes Ortega Chapter 4 The effects of focusing on meaning and form in strategic planning Jiraporn Sangarun Chapter 5 The effects of strategic planning on the oral narratives of learners with low and high intermediate L2 proficiency Chieko Kawauchi vii 3 37 77 111 143 JB[v.20020404] Prn:2/02/2005; 14:54 F: LLLT11CO.tex / p.2 (104-145) Table of contents Section IV. Within-task planning 165 Chapter 6 The effects of careful within-task planning on oral and written task performance Rod Ellis and Fangyuan Yuan Chapter 7 Strategic and on-line planning: The influence of surprise information and task time on second language performance Peter Skehan and Pauline Foster Section V. Planning in language testing Chapter 8 Planning for test performance: Does it make a difference? Catherine Elder and Noriko Iwashita Chapter 9 Strategic planning, task structure, and performance testing Parvaneh Tavakoli and Peter Skehan Section VI. Conclusion Chapter 10 Planning