Advances in INSECT PHYSIOLOGY VOLUME 2 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in Insect Physiology Edited by J. W. L. BEAMENT, J. E. TREHERNE and V. B. WIGGLESWORTH Department of Zoology, The University, Cambridge, England VOLUME 2 AN ACADEMIC PRESS REPLICA REPRINT This is an Academic Press Replica Reprint reproduced directly from the pages of a title for which type, plates, or film no longer exist. Although not up to the standards of the original, this method of reproduction makes it possible to provide copies of books which otherwise would be out of print. Copyright 0 1964 By Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. Second printing 1968 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road. London N W 1 US.Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, N e w York. N e w York 10003 All Rights Reserved NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OF ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMSSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 63-14039 REPRODUCED PHOTOLITHO I N GREAT BRITAIN BY J. W. ARROWRMITH LTD..HRIRTOL 3 808182 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Contributors to Volume 2 SVENDOLAI' ANDERSEN,Zoophysiological Laboratory B, Copenhagen University, Denmark J. W. L. BEAMENT, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, England DIETRICH BURSHARDT,Zoological Institute, University of Munich, Germany C. B. COTTRELL, Department of Zoology, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasalsnd, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia K. G . DAVEY, Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada TORKEL WEIS-FOGH, Zoophysiological Laboratory B, Capenhagen University, Denmark V. B. WIGGLESWORTH, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Insect Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, England V This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME2 . V RESILIN.A RUBBERLIKE PROTEININ ARTHROPOD CUTICLE SVEN OLAV ANDERSEN and TORKEL WEIS-FOGH 1 I. Introduction + 11. Identification, Occurrence and Function A. Working Definition . B, Rubberlike Cuticle . C. Function of Resilin 111. Physical Properties of Resilin A. Fundamental Properties , B. Molecular Interpretation . IV. Chemical Properties of Resilin . A. Amino Acid Composition . 73. Swelling in Different Media C. Enzymic Hydrolysis D. Fluorescent Amino Acids V. General Discussion . A. What makes a Protein Rubberlike? B. How are the Networks Formed? . C. Resilin and Insect Cuticle References . 3 3 4 17 18 20 28 33 33 36 40 41 . . . . . 50 51 53 57 62 . . THEACTIVETRANSPORT AND PASSIVE MOVEMENT OF WATER IN INSECTS J. W. L. BEAMENT I. Introduction . 11. The Active Transport of Water A. Basic Premises . B. Active Uptake from the Air . C. Active Transport of Water in the Gut D. Water and the Tracheal System . . vii . 67 69 69 72 76 78 viii 111. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. C O N T 11 N TS E. The Living Cuticle and Liquid Water . F. Conclusions An Interrelation between Grease and Absorbtion . A. A Model Absorbing Water . The Physical Chemistry of the Cuticle . A. The Cuticle other than Lipid Layer . B. The Hydration of Procuticle . C. Control of Procuticle by the Epidermis . The Cuticular Lipid . A. A New Interpretation of Transition in Monolayer Films . B. Monolayer Inversion . C. Conclusions The Asymmetry of Cuticle . A. Thermodynamic Validity of Asymmetry. . Electrical Properties of Cuticular Lipids A. The Electrical Inversion of a Monolayer. B. Mechanical Distort