ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology VOLUME 37 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology Edited by SAUL L. NEIDLEMAN Vacaville, California ALLEN I. LASKIN Somerset, New Jersey VOLUME 37 Academic Press, Inc. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto Volume 37 of Advances in Applied Microbiology is sadly dedicated to Dr. Frank K. Higson, University of California, Riverside, who passed away during the preparation of this volume to which h e made two scholarly contributions. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. N o part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101-4311 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road. London NWl 7DX Library of Congress Catalog Number: 59.13823 International Standard Book Number: 0- 12-002637-6 PRINTED IN T H E UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 92 93 94 95 96 91 BC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Microbial Degradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds FRANK K. HIGSON I. Overview .......................................................... 11. Introduction ....................................................... 111. Microbial Reduction of the Nitro Group . . . . . . . IV. Removal of the Nitro Group ......................................... V. Nitroaromatic Growth Substrates .................................... VI. Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . References ......................................................... 1 1 3 6 7 14 14 An Evaluation of Bacterial Standards and Disinfection Practices Used for the Assessment and Treatment of Stormwater MARIEL. O’SHEAAND RICHARDFIELD I. Introduction ....................................................... 11. Bacterial Criteria Development-A Historical Perspective .............. 111. Stormwater Quality and Its Relationship to Human Disease Potential IV. Disinfection ....................................................... V. Conclusions and Recommendations .................................. References ......................................................... ... 21 22 26 31 34 36 Haloperoxidases: Their Properties and Their Use in Organic Synthesis M. C. R. FRANSSEN AND H. C. VAN DER PLAS ............................... I. Introduction . . . . . 11. Sources and Struct ....................................... 111. Reactions .......................................................... IV. Reaction Mechanisms ............................................... V. Conclusions and Prospects ............................... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................. 41 43 53 82 90 92 Medicinal Benefits of the Mushroom Ganoderma s. c. JONG AND J. M. BIRMINGHAM I. Introduction .................................. 11. Chemical Composition ........................ V .......... .......... 101 102 vi CONTENTS 11