Langford’s Starting Photography A guide to better pictures for film and digital camera users Fourth Edition Michael Langford Philip Andrews AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Focal Press is an imprint of Elsevier Focal Press An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington MA 01803 First published 1976 Second edition 1993 Reprinted 1994, 1997, 1998 Third edition 1999 Reprinted 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Fourth edition 2005 Copyright © 1976, 1993, 1999 Michael Langford; © 2005 Philip Andrews and Pamela Langford. All rights reserved The right of Michael Langford and Philip Andrews to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (⫹44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (⫹44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail:
[email protected] You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 240 51967 1 For information on all Focal Press publications visit our website at: www.focalpress.com Printed and bound in Italy Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Contents vii Introduction Part 1 Picture Making 1 1 Seeing and photographing 1 2 Using the viewfinder – framing up 5 3 Creating a point of emphasis 9 4 Picking lighting conditions 13 5 Pattern, texture and shape 16 6 Using color 20 Projects Developing a personal approach 23 Part 2 Camera, Sensors and Film 25 7 Camera principles 25